> ## Content Index
> Fetch the complete content index at: https://www.jacqualineroche.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover other available public pages before exploring further.

# Article 6 — Established Rates, Unstudied Causes
- URL: https://www.jacqualineroche.com/article-6-established-rates-unstudied-causes/
- Published: 2026-09-01T09:05:02.000Z
- Updated: 2026-10-04T05:16:48.000Z
- Description: The series' most contested inference, held apart.
- Author: Jacqualine Roche
- Tags: Secondary Trauma in Small Communities, Mental Health & Trauma

*Versión en español:* [*Artículo 6 — Tasas establecidas, causas no estudiadas*](https://www.jacqualineroche.com/es/articulo-6-tasas-establecidas-causas-no-estudiadas/)

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This article addresses the most contested inference in the series, in two parts that should be read as separate propositions rather than a single argument.

## What is established

The VA National Center for PTSD cites a study in which 33% of Vietnam-era veterans with PTSD reported past-year intimate partner violence, against 13.5% of those without — roughly three times the rate. A meta-analysis of 172,790 participants found similar elevation.

## What is not established

> No study isolates anti-malarial neurotoxicity, as distinct from PTSD, as a driver of veteran-perpetrated domestic violence.

A reader may be tempted to complete a chain: quinoline injury resembles PTSD, PTSD is associated with violence, therefore quinoline injury is presumably associated with violence too. That reasoning is not valid — two conditions can share a symptom profile without sharing every associated outcome.

## Holding both propositions

Elevated rates of violence in veteran households are established. Neurotoxic injury from these drugs is established. That both are true does not establish a relationship between them. No claim in the remaining articles rests on this link.

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## Related reading

- Previous in the series: [Article 5 — The First Ring: What Households Carry](https://www.jacqualineroche.com/article-5-the-first-ring-what-households-carry/)
- Next in the series: [Article 7 — Four Terms That Are Not Interchangeable](https://www.jacqualineroche.com/article-7-four-terms-that-are-not-interchangeable/)
- Series start page: [Secondary Trauma in Small Communities: Start Here](https://www.jacqualineroche.com/secondary-trauma-in-small-communities/)